Oxygen-respiratory apparatus



Patented July 5, 1927.

UNITED STATES.

1,635,099 PATENT- OFF-ICE.

LEON A. SEILAZ, OF ZI J'R-ICH, SWITZERLAND.

' WIG.

Application filed September 11, 1923, Serial No. 662,130, and in Germany September 16, 1922.

The invention relates to an improved wig or hair crown substitute, also called toupee but hereinafter called the wig, more particularly intended for men, for the purposeof concealing baldness. Hitherto, wigs have been made of silk fabric and gauze into which hair is drawn in and knotted. Such wigs were secured at several points of the head by means ofglue. This method of fixing has notgenerally proved satisfactory, the wigs frequently get loose as for lnstance when taking off the hat. Moreover these wigs let moisture through, whether it be perspiration from the scalp or water etc, they quickly lose their shape and must be frequently altered and fitted to the head. The wigs had to be taken down at-night and the hair could not be combed like natural hair.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate these and other drawbacks, this being done in the manner which will be now described with reference to the accompanying drawing.

In the drawing, Figs. 14 illustrate the means for making a head form. Fig. 5 shows in section a portion of the hair crown substitute on a greatly enlarged scale.

The hairs 25 are drawn into a shaped part or form A (Fig. 5) which fits the head exactly and consists of several superposed pieces of fabric 17 to 23. The hairs 25 are tied in a well known manner the knots being at the second lowest layer 18, whilst the ends or points of the hairs are drawn through the fabric layers 1928 above them and are thus given the position of natural hairs on the head. The knots of the hairs are under the second lowest fabric layer 18. The lowest fabric layers 17 and 19 are rendered waterproof by means of a rubber compound or in some other way. Impregnation with rubber causes the fabric to retain the shape once given to it (which shape should fit the shape of the head as exactly as possible) and prevents water etc. from getting to the hair knots, so that it cannot get accidentally loose. The knots of the hairs passing through several surposed layers of fabric and consequently through a fabric layer 3 to 4 mm. thick, cannot therefore be combed out as there are no knots on the upper fabric layer 23 with which the comb comes into contact. As the hairs have the'position of the hairs naturally growing on the scalp, they like natural hairs, can be given at will a position with a parting at any desired place. lVigs adhere properly to the head only when they fit the shape of the head exactly so that the air between the head and the :wig escapes when the wig is placed on the head, and a vacuum is produced under the hood. Moreover, to make the adhesion more secure, adhesive should be used, which can be distributed over the whole surface of the substitute. As its lowest fabric layer is waterproof, the adhesives cannot pass to the outer layers.

To prevent the finished wig from quickly losing its shape, the various layers of fabric 17 to 23 are superposed in such a manner that the warp threads of the various fabric layers cross each other. If the warp threads of one fabric layer extend in one direction, those of the next layer should be for instance at right angles, to them, and so on.

In order to enable the shaped part or form A to be given the correct shape, a gypsum cast is made of the head, the proceeding being substantially as follows:

The hairs are first of all combed away from the bald patch, whereupon a cap 1 (Fig. 1) made of tissue paper is placed on the head, above the said cap is placed a hood 2 made of bobbinet, which can be pulled tight over the head.' Such hoods can be found on the market and are generally used for pressing the hair close to the head. On the hood is then placed a gauze 3 filled with gypsum which had been previously well moistened, and this gypsum gauze is pressed tight on the head. Round the head, at the place where its diameter is-Inaximum, is placed a glued band 4 (Fig. 4) so that the glued side is facing outwards, and not to- Wards the head. A second band 5 is placed over the head in the direction' of the nose, and its two ends are secured to the glue band 4. A third glued band 6 is placed round the head. The ends are secured together. On the said bands is then placed a thin metal hood 7 (Fig. 4). This hood 7, when flat, has the shape shown in Fig. 4. Numerous recesses or cuts are made in the metal so that a large number of strips 8 are produced. The metal is then placed on the head so that the back of the hood lies on the band 5. The single strips 8 of the hood 7 are then pressed flat along the head and become glued to the band 4. When the said strips 8 are bent to fit the exact shape of the head, and secured to the glued band 4, glued Patented July 5, 1927.

UNITED STATES 1,635,101 PATENT OFFICE.

oaar. vox HOFF, or Essen, GERMANY.

OXYGEN-RESPIRATORY APPARATUS.

Application filed March 12, 1925, Serial No. 15,049, and in Germany June 20, 1988.

Oxygen respiratory apparatus generally belongs to one or the other of two types. In one of these types circulation of air through the pipe system into which the user breathes, and from which he inhales, is induced by means of an injector nozzle through which oxygen enters the system from a flask. Sometimes an oxygen by-pass is provided, which is automatically closed when the injector is working, but which can be opened to admit oxygen past the injector when the latter is out of use. In the other type there is no oxygen injector; the circulation of air is induced by the act of breathing, the opening of the valve which admits oxygen to the system being likewise dependent on the action of the users respiratory organs.

The injector referred to may on occasion become choked, which involves grave risk to the user, and the provision of the automatically controlled by-pass has not proved satisfactory in practice. The apparatus in which air circulation and admission of oxygen are dependent on respiration imposes considerable strain on the user.

The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus free from the defects of both the types referred to.

. To this end I provide the apparatus with an injector functioning as described, and also with a supplementary device for admitting oxygen and regulating the pressure in the system, this supplementary device being capable of being put into operation either by the air circulating action of the injector, or by the act of breathing, or by both operating in conjunction.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawing,

Fig. 1 being a diagrammatic View thereof,

partly in section.

Fig.' 2 illustrates a slight modification of part of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the automatic blow-off and throttle valves represented in Fig. 1.

Referrin first to from the ask 1, when the flask valve 2 is open, through a pipe 3 to a pressure reducing valve 3, and thence through a pipe 4 to an injector 5 and through a pipe 6 toa suplementary oxygenating and pressure equalizing device 7. The oxygen issuing from the injector 5 sucks air from a pipe 8 and blows it through a pipe 9, inhaling valve 1O and mouth piece 11 to the users lungs.

' in the currence of excessively low pressure behind 1, oxygen flows.

To the inhaling pipe 9 is connected a breathing bag 12-. The foul air exhaled from the lungs flows through an exhaling valve 13 and pipe 14 to an air purifying cartridge or scrubber 15. In the latter the carbonic acid is fixed and the purified air flows through a pipe 14 to the pipe 8, from which it is drawn by the injector 5, or by the users lungs, or by both.

The pipe 14" has a branch connecting it to a breathlng ba 16, within which is the oxygenating an pressure reducing device 7 alread referred to, whose object is to supply, w en needed, additional oxygen, and to regulate the air pressure as best suited to the users breathing organs. The device 7 comprises a valve normally closed by a spring, and a lever so disposed that when the bag 16 collapses the lever opens the valve so that fresh oxygen flows into the bag through the pipe 6.

The breathing bag 12 is connected by a pipe 17 and an automatic-valve 18 to the breathing bag 16. The valve 18 is so loaded that it opens whenever the user inhales more air from the pi e. 9 than is supplied by the action of the in ector 5, that is to say whenever thejpressure in front of the valve is below atmospheric pressure. When the injector 5 is blowing suflicient airinto the pipe 9, its suctional action produces a' pressure below atmospheric pressure in the bag'16 and thevalve 18 is closedfbut this valve opens if, owing to powerful exhalation, the pressure in the breathing bag 16 rises above atmospheric and becomes so great that this .bag cannot holdthe air exhaled. The air then flows through the pipe 17 into the other breathing ba 12, and thence to the inhaling pipe 9, where y it facilitates inhalation.

The action of the supplementary oxy- 1 genating) and pressure equalizing device 7 ag 16 efiectually prevents the octhe injector, because before such pressure can occur the collapse of the bag 16 opens the sup lementary oxygen valve. Oxygen supply or inhalation is then obtainable'both by'lung suction, opening the valve 18, and by the action of the injector 5.

The direct connection of the two breathing bags by the pipe 17 has an important advantage, inasmuch as it causes both breathing bags tobe usedwith comparative frequency for the supply of air for respiration. In this way not only is breathing fasaid mouth air; a mouth iece enabling air to be inhaled from an exhaled into said system; a breathing bag connected to a part of the system where air exhaled from the mouth piece flows; means connecting said bag to a part of the system where air flows toward piece to be inhaled; a purifier in the system sltuated between the mouth piece and the bag in the path of the exhaled air; an automatic blow-0E arranged in the exhaled air path between said purifier and mouth piece; and an automatic throttle valve, also arranged in said exhaled-air path, situated immediately behind the blowofi valve to control the passage of the exhaled air to the purifier, the opening of the throttle valve varying in res onse to the rate of air flow so that the discharge of air through the blow-ofi valve remains substantially constant.

In witness whereof I have signed this "specification.

CARL VON HOFF. 

